Archive

Working Women and Challenges of Modern Employment: A Case Study of Baron Vegetable Company in Anambra State, Nigeria.

Authors

Nsah Veronica Yurikah, Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani

Abstract

This research paper presents a detailed analysis of the challenges that working women in Nigeria face in modern employment, a case study of some women in Baron Oil Vegetable Company, Anambra State, Nigeria. This research was aimed at thoroughly examining the difficulties working women face in the contemporary work environment and also to investigate how gender dynamics, cultural norms, and economic constraints interact to shape the lives of Nigerian working women. The main problem is that many Nigerian women still struggle with balancing work and family, dealing with gender discrimination, and having fewer opportunities for career advancement. To understand these issues, interviews were conducted with working women at the Baron Vegetable Oil Company in Nigeria. Also, this thesis made use of both the primary and secondary data sources. The study found that most women face difficulties because of traditional gender roles, lack of support at home, and workplace discrimination. These findings are important because they show the need for policy improvement to promote gender equality, better policies to support working women, such as flexible work hours and anti-discrimination laws.

Keywords

working women, challenges, employment, Nigeria, gender discrimination

DOI

PDF

References

Baltaş, A., & Baltaş, Z. (2004). Stres ve başa çıkma yolları (22. baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
Ademujinwa, T.N. & Dahansi, A.A. (2021).Work-family conflict among female staff of higher institutions in Nigeria.
Adeniyi, E. O. (2019). Gender disparities in the Nigerian labor market: A review of recent trends and policies. Nigerian Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), 45-63.
Adesina, O., & Abiola, O. (2019). "Balancing Work and Family Life: Experiences of Women in Formal Employment in Lagos, Nigeria." Gender & Behaviour, 17(2), 12412-12431.
Adeyemi, A. A., & Adeyinka, Y. A. (2020). Women in the gig economy: A case study of ride-sharing drivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Gender & Society, 34(3), 405-425.
Afolayan, A., & Adebayo, R. (2017). "The Impact of Technological Changes on the Work-Life Balance of Women in Nigeria." Journal of Women and Technology, 16(3), 182-196.
Agapiou, A. (2002). Perceptions of gender roles and attitudes toward work among male and female operatives in the Scottish construction industry. Construction Management & Economics, 20(8), 697-705.
Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E.L., Bruck, C., & Sulton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict. A review and agenda for future research.
Andal, N. (2002). Women and Indian society: Options and constraints. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
Arnove, R. F., Torres, C. A., & Franz, S. (Eds.). (2012). Comparative education: The dialectic of the global and the local. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Beck, L., & Keddie, N. R. (Eds.). (1980). Women in the Muslim world (Vol. 13). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bem, S.L. (1981). Gender schema theory. A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88,354-364.
Bem, S.L. (1993). The lenses of gender. Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. Yale University Press.
Borooah, V. K., & Iyer, S. (2005). Vidya, Veda, and Varna: The influence of religion and caste on education in rural India. The Journal of Development Studies, 41(8), 1369-1404.
Budhwar, P. S., Saini, D. S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2005). Women in Management in the New economic Environment: The case of India. Asia Pacific Business Review, 11(2), 179-193.
Chakraborty, S. (2013). Empowering the Tribal Women through Education: Issue of Social Justice with Reference of West Bengal. Afro Asian Journal of Anthropology and Social Policy, 4(1), 24-28.
Chandra, S. K. (1993). Women’s development: problems and prospects.
Chukwuma, I. (2017). "Challenges of Women in the Informal Sector of the Nigerian Economy." International Journal of Gender and Women's Studies, 5(3), 155-166.
Chukwuma, I. K., & Nnoli, N. A. (2018). Modern employment practices and their impact on work-life balance among women in Nigeria. International Journal of Women's Studies, 6(1), 34-50.
Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3), 425.
Dube, L. (2001). Anthropological explorations in gender: Intersecting fields. New Delhi: SagePublications Pvt. Limited.
Eme, O. (2016). "Intersection of Culture and Career: Challenges Faced by Women in Modern Nigerian Employment." Africa Today, 63(4), 78-96.
Eze, E. (2018). "Gender and Employment in Nigeria: A Review of Socio-Economic Challenges." African Journal of Gender and Development, 5(2), 110-124.
Igbinosun, O. O. (2017). The gender pay gap in Nigeria: Factors and implications. Gender & Development, 25(2), 241-260.
Nwagwu, N. (2018). "Government Policies and Women's Employment in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis." Journal of Gender, Work & Organization, 25(5), 563-578.
Adams, R. B. (2016). Women on boards: The superheroes of tomorrow? The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 371-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.11.001.
Adesoji, A. O. (2011). Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram: Islamic fundamentalism and the response of the Nigerian state. Africa Today Magazine, 57(4), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.57.4.99
Adichie, C. N. (2014). We should all be feminists. New York, NY: Anchor. Adichie, C. N. (2018). Dear Ijeawele, or a feminist manifesto in fifteen suggestions. New York, NY: Anchor.
Agbalajobi, D. T. (2010). Women participation and the political process in Nigeria. Problems and prospects. Journal of Political and International Relations, 4(2), 75-82. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/ajpsir.
Ahikire, J. (2015). African feminism in context: Reflections on the legitimation battles, victories and reversals. Feminist Africa: Pan Africanism and Feminism. 19, 7-23 111.
Akanji, B. (2012). Realities of work life balance in Nigeria: Perceptions of role conflict and coping beliefs. Business, Management and Education, 10(2), 248-263. https://doi.org/10.3846/bme.2012.18
Akanji, B., Mordi, C., & Ajonbadi, H. A. (2020). The experiences of work-life balance, stress and coping lifestyle of female professionals: Insight from a developing country context. Employee Relations, 42(4), 999-1015. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2019-0089
Akanji, B., Mordi, C., & Ojo, S. (2015). Reviewing gaps in work-life research and prospecting conceptual advancement. Economic Insights - Trends and Challenges, IV(LXVII), 21-30. Retrieved from http://repository.elizadeuniversity.edu.ng/jspui/handle/20.500.12398/341.
Alade, O., George, O., & Yussuff, K. (2015). Nexus between patriarchy and the glass ceiling: The Nigerian women’s experience. Nigerian Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), 97-109. Albert, I. O. (2005). Explaining ’godfatherism’ in Nigerian Politics. African Social Review, 9(2), 79-105. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/afrisocirevi.
Ali, M. A., & Buratai, H. A. (2020). Women and Gender equality: Justice or civilization? Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 5(3), 55-68. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/women-gender-equality-justice- civilization/docview/2439614165/se-2?accountid=35812.
All Africa (2012), “Nigeria: women’s representation on banks’ board still dismal”. Retrieved from www.allafrica.com/stories/201208190231.html. 112
Alqahtani, T. H. (2020). Work-life balance of women employees. Granite Journal: a Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Journal, 4(1), 37-42. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net.
Anyanwu, C. (2016). Boko Haram and the Nigerian political system: Hegemony or fundamentalism? Communication Research and Practice, 3(3), 282-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2016.1212303
April, K., Dreyer, S., & Blass, E. (2007). Gender impediments to the South African executive boardroom. South African Journal of Labour Relations, 31(2), 55-67. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC59609.
Arminio, J. L., Carter, S., Jones, S. E., Kruger, K., Lucas, N., Washington, J., & Scott, A. (2000). Leadership experiences of students of color. NASPA Journal, 37(3), 496- 510. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1112
Asiyanbola, A. R. (2005). Patriarchy, male dominance, the role and women empowerment in Nigeria. In Poster XXV International Population Conference Tours, France.
Awino, Z. B. (2013). Top management team diversity, quality decisions and organizational performance in the service industry. Journal of Management and Strategy, 4(1), 113-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v4n1p113
Ayadi, O. F., Ojo, A. T., Ayadi, M. F., & Adetula, D. T. (2015). Gender diversity in the governance of the Nigerian securities market. Corporate Governance, 15(5), 734- 746. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2015-0007
Baker, C. (2014). Stereotyping and women’s role in leadership positions. Industrial and Commercial Training, 46, 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-04-2014-0020
Ogbogu, C. O. (2009). An analysis of female research productivity in Nigerian universities. Journal of Higher Educational Policy and Management, 31,17-22.
Ogunbanjo, G. (2018). "The Gender Pay Gap in the Nigerian Labor Market: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions." Nigerian Journal of Gender and Development, 5(1), 32-47.
Okafor, R. (2016). "Barriers to Career Advancement for Women in Nigerian Organizations: A Study of Selected Firms in Lagos State." Journal of Gender Studies, 25(2), 176-188.
Okeke, C. I., & Onuoha, B. O. (2021). Challenges of women's career advancement in Nigeria: A qualitative analysis of organizational factors. Journal of Gender and Work, 7(4), 283-301.
Okewoke, (1997). Women’s access to and control of housing accommodation in urban centers of the south west zone in Nigeria. An assessment in proceedings of a national symposium on the house in Nigeria. Ile-Ife information and technology communication unit, O.A.U., Ile-Ife, 93-96.
Okonkwo, C. E., & Amadi, R. (2019). The impact of gender-based discrimination on women's job satisfaction in Nigerian organizations. Journal of Women and Work, 12(3), 187-204.
Okonkwo, E.A. (2013). Attitude towards gender equality in the south eastern Nigerian culture. Impact of gender and level of education. Ile-Ife Center for Psychological Studies, 11, 5570-5585.
Osayi, U. C., & Isioma, A. N. (2018). Work-life balance strategies and the role of employer policies: A case study of working mothers in Nigeria. Gender, Work & Organization, 25(4), 431-450.
Pole, L.T. (2003). Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and collective bargaining, a relational study. Journal of Management Psychology, 22(2),121-130.
Toyin, A., Adisa, C., Ruth, S. & Vanessa, B. Social dominance hypermas. Retrieved On 14th, March 2022 from https;//doi.org/10.11.11//gwa.o.12537
Usman, H., & Iwu, C. N. (2020). Technology and its implications for women in the Nigerian labor market: A study of female entrepreneurs in the digital economy. Information, Technology & People, 33(1), 236-253.
World Bank. (2019). Nigeria - Jobs and economic transformation (Vol. 2): Gender and jobs in Nigeria (No. 141201). World Bank Group.
Yusuf, Y. O., & Abdulazeez, R. A. (2017). Women's participation in Nigeria's informal sector: A study of market traders in Ibadan. Journal of Development Studies, 53(2), 178-196.